D-Panthenol

I. Basic Information

1. Chemical Nature

D-Panthenol is the dextrorotatory isomer of vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), also known as provitamin B5 or vitamin B5 precursor. Its chemical formula is C₉H₁₉NO₄. It appears as a colorless transparent viscous liquid with a slight characteristic odor.

2. Stability and Safety

It is insensitive to light, heat (≤75°C), oxygen, and heavy metals, exhibiting stable chemical properties.

It is highly safe and widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, though direct contact with eyes and skin should be avoided (high concentrations may cause irritation).

3. Metabolic Pathway

After entering the human body, the hydroxyl group of D-Panthenol is oxidized to pantothenic acid, which is then synthesized into coenzyme A (CoA). CoA is a critical coenzyme for the tricarboxylic acid cycle, lipid metabolism, and protein synthesis, participating in energy production and cellular repair.

II. Core Applications

Due to its properties of promoting metabolism, tissue repair, and moisturizing/soothing effects, D-Panthenol is widely applied in the following fields:

1. Pharmaceutical Industry

Vitamin B Supplement: Used to treat vitamin B5 deficiency and promote protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism.

Skin Repair:

Accelerates wound healing by stimulating epithelial cell proliferation and migration, shortening recovery time.

Alleviates skin inflammation such as eczema, sunburn, and infant diaper rash, with clinical evidence supporting optimal efficacy at a 5% concentration.

Mucosal Protection: Incorporated into eye drops and oral care products to soothe irritation in ocular and oral tissues.

2. Cosmetic Industry

Skin Care:

Deep Hydration: Its small molecular size enables easy penetration into the stratum corneum, increasing skin hydration and improving dryness, roughness, and aging.

Barrier Enhancement: When combined with niacinamide, it strengthens the skin barrier function to resist external irritants.

Anti-Inflammatory and Soothing: Reduces expression of inflammatory factors (e.g., IL-6, IL-8), alleviating erythema, itching, and pain, making it suitable for sensitive skin.

Hair Care:

Penetrates hair strands to provide long-lasting hydration, reducing split ends and breakage while enhancing shine and flexibility.

Repairs damaged hair, commonly used in shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks.

Nail Care: Improves nail hydration and flexibility, preventing hangnails and fractures.

3. Food Industry

Nutritional Fortifier: Serves as a source of vitamin B5 to promote protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism, maintaining healthy skin, mucosa, and hair.

Functional Foods: Added to dairy products, baked goods, and beverages to boost immunity and prevent diseases.

4. Feed Industry

Animal Nutrition Supplement: Enhances animal growth performance, stimulates appetite, digestion, and immune function, and improves feed utilization efficiency.

III. Mechanisms of Action

1. Hydration and Barrier Repair

D-Panthenol increases stratum corneum hydration through hydration reactions, reduces transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and stimulates fibroblast proliferation to accelerate epidermal regeneration.

2. Anti-Inflammatory and Soothing Effects

Suppresses expression of inflammatory factors (e.g., IL-6, IL-8), reducing erythema and itching.

Upregulates antioxidant enzymes (e.g., heme oxygenase-1) to enhance skin antioxidant capacity.

3. Metabolic Promotion

As a precursor to coenzyme A, it participates in energy metabolism and lipid synthesis, supporting cellular repair and regeneration.

IV. Usage Recommendations

Recommended Dosage:

Shampoos: 0.5%–2.5%

Hair sprays: 0.05%–0.15%

Hair gels: 0.2%–0.5%

Compatibility: Compatible with most cosmetic ingredients, but avoid high temperatures (recommended ≤70°C) and strong acid/base environments.

Storage Conditions: Store in a sealed, light-resistant container in a cool, dry place. Unopened original packaging can be stored for 36 months (below 25°C).

D-Panthenol is a highly efficient and safe derivative of vitamin B5 that plays a vital role in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, and feed industries by promoting metabolism, tissue repair, and moisturizing/soothing effects. Its small molecular structure and biological activity make it an ideal ingredient for skin care, hair repair, and nutritional supplementation, with widespread applications in global products.

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